Starvard · The Masters Library

The Basis of Morality

ni Arthur Schopenhauer · 26 bahagi · about 5 hours 44 minutes ng pagbabasa

FinnAI Guide

Isang batang pilosopo ang sumali sa isang patimpalak para sa premyo na may matapang na sagot: ang moralidad ay hindi ipinapanganak mula sa mga patakaran, nangangatwiran siya, kundi mula sa habag, ang pakiramdam para sa kapwa na ginagawang atin ang pagdurusa ng iba. Tumanggi ang mga hukom sa Copenhagen na ibigay sa kanya ang premyo, kahit walang ibang sumali. Ang sanaysay niya ay nananakit at nakakagising pa rin: pinapagalitan nito si Kant, pinupuri ang kabaitan, at tinatanong kung ano talaga ang kabutihan. Ang malinaw na salin sa English ni Bullock ay nagdadala nito nang mainit.

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Ang buong libro ay binabasa sa Ingles. Narito ang lahat ng mga kabanata:

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Mga Kabanata

Translator's Preface1 min Translator's Introduction15 min The Question2 min Part I, Chapter 1: The Problem9 min Part I, Chapter 2: General Retrospect10 min Part II, Chapter 1: Preliminary Remarks5 min Part II, Chapter 2: On the Imperative Form of the Kantian Ethics12 min Part II, Chapter 3: On the Assumption of Duties Towards Ourselves in Particular4 min Part II, Chapter 4: On the Basis of the Kantian Ethics51 min Part II, Chapter 5: On the Leading Principle of the Kantian Ethics12 min Part II, Chapter 6: On the Derived Forms of the Leading Principle of the Kantian Ethics18 min Part II, Chapter 7: Kant's Doctrine of Conscience10 min Part II, Chapter 8: Kant's Doctrine of the Intelligible and Empirical Character. Theory of Freedom10 min Part II, Chapter 9: Fichte's Ethics as a Magnifying Glass for the Errors of the Kantian6 min Part III, Chapter 1: Conditions of the Problem2 min Part III, Chapter 2: Sceptical View19 min Part III, Chapter 3: Antimoral Incentives14 min Part III, Chapter 4: Criterion of Actions of Moral Worth4 min Part III, Chapter 5: Statement and Proof of the Only True Moral Incentive14 min Part III, Chapter 6: The Virtue of Justice28 min Part III, Chapter 7: The Virtue of Loving-Kindness10 min Part III, Chapter 8: The Proof Now Given Confirmed by Experience35 min Part III, Chapter 9: On the Ethical Difference of Character21 min Part IV, Chapter 1: How This Appendix Must Be Understood8 min Part IV, Chapter 2: The Metaphysical Groundwork23 min Judicium of the Danish Royal Society of Sciences2 min