Starvard · The Masters Library

History of Charles XII, King of Sweden

tác giả Voltaire · 13 phần · about 6 hours 42 minutes đọc

Xin chào, mình là Finn, và mình sẽ giúp bạn hiểu cuốn sách này.

Đây, được giải thích như cho một bạn 10 tuổi:

Charles XII trở thành vua Thụy Điển khi còn là thiếu niên, và ngay lập tức ba nước tấn công ông. Ông đánh bại họ lần lượt, bằng những cuộc hành quân táo bạo và lòng can đảm hoang dã, cho đến khi tiến quá sâu vào nước Nga và mất tất cả tại Poltava. Voltaire kể câu chuyện nhanh và sáng sủa, như một tiểu thuyết tình cờ lại là sự thật. Nếu bạn thích những nhân vật táo bạo, những bước ngoặt kỳ lạ của số phận và lịch sử dễ đọc, hãy bắt đầu từ đây.

Về Finn >

Toàn bộ sách đọc bằng tiếng Anh. Đây là tất cả các chương:

Tải sách PDF (tiếng Anh)

Chương

Prefatory Note by John Burns1 min Introduction16 min Translator's Note4 min Book I: Outline of Swedish history up to the time of Charles XI; Charles’s education; His enemies; Character-sketch of the Czar, Peter Alexiowitz; His peculiarities; Alliance of Russia, Poland, Denmark against Charles XII37 min Book II (Part 1): Sudden and extraordinary transformation in the character of Charles XII; At the age of eighteen he carries on war with Denmark, Poland and Russia; He concludes the war with Denmark in six weeks; Beats an army of 80,000 Russians with 8,000 Swedes, and proceeds to Poland; Description of Poland and its Government; Charles wins several victories, and conquers Poland, where he makes preparations to nominate a king34 min Book II (Part 2): Sudden and extraordinary transformation in the character of Charles XII; At the age of eighteen he carries on war with Denmark, Poland and Russia; He concludes the war with Denmark in six weeks; Beats an army of 80,000 Russians with 8,000 Swedes, and proceeds to Poland; Description of Poland and its Government; Charles wins several victories, and conquers Poland, where he makes preparations to nominate a king34 min Book III (Part 1): Stanislas Leczinski chosen King of Poland; Death of the Cardinal-Primate; Great retreat of General Schullemburg; Exploits of the Czar; Foundation of Petersburg; Charles’s entry into Saxony; The peace of Altranstadt; Augustus abdicates in favour of Stanislas; General Patkul, the Czar’s plenipotentiary, is broken on the wheel, and quartered; Charles receives the ambassadors of foreign princes in Saxony; He also goes to Dresden to see Augustus before his departure29 min Book III (Part 2): Stanislas Leczinski chosen King of Poland; Death of the Cardinal-Primate; Great retreat of General Schullemburg; Exploits of the Czar; Foundation of Petersburg; Charles’s entry into Saxony; The peace of Altranstadt; Augustus abdicates in favour of Stanislas; General Patkul, the Czar’s plenipotentiary, is broken on the wheel, and quartered; Charles receives the ambassadors of foreign princes in Saxony; He also goes to Dresden to see Augustus before his departure28 min Book IV: Charles leaves Saxony; Pursues the Czar; Advances into Ukrania; His losses and wounds, and the battle of Pultowa; The consequences of the battle; Charles forced to escape into Turkey; His reception in Bessarabia44 min Book V: The state of the Ottoman Porte; Charles retires to Bender; His occupations; His intrigues at the Porte; His plans; Augustus restored; The King of Denmark attacks Sweden; All the King’s other territories are invaded; The Czar keeps festival at Moscow; The affair of Pruth; History of the Czarina48 min Book VI: Intrigues at the Porte; The Kan of Tartary and the Pasha of Bender try to force Charles to depart; He defends himself with forty servants against their whole army43 min Book VII: The Turks remove Charles to Demirtash; King Stanislas is seized at the same time; Bold action of M. de Villelongue; Revolutions in the seraglio; Battles in Pomerania; Altena is burnt by the Swedes; Charles returns to his kingdom; His strange method of travelling; His arrival at Stralsund; The state of Europe at that time; The losses of King Charles; The successes of Peter the Great; His triumphal entry into Petersburg39 min Book VIII: Charles marries his sister to the Prince of Hesse; He is besieged in Stralsund and escapes to Sweden; The enterprise of Baron Gortz his premier; Plans of reconciliation with the Czar; An attack on England; Charles besieges Frederickshal in Norway; He is killed; His character; Gortz is beheaded44 min