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Cover of Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy

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Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy

تأليف John F. W. Herschel · 17 أجزاء · about 7 hours 42 minutes للقراءة

مرحبا, اسمي Finn وسأساعدك على فهم هذا الكتاب.

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كيف يعمل العلم فعلا؟ يجيب جون هيرشل، عالم فلك مشهور، في هذا الكتاب الكلاسيكي الودود، الموضوع على الرفوف هنا في طبعته المنقحة لعام 1851. يشرح خطوة خطوة كيف نراقب بعناية ونرتب ما نراه ونخمن الأسباب ونختبر تخميناتنا حتى تظهر القوانين الحقيقية. يستخدم أمثلة بسيطة من الحياة اليومية والسماوات معا. قرأ داروين هذا الكتاب شابا وقال إنه أثار طموحه العلمي.

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الفصول

Part I, Chapter 1: Of Man Regarded as a Creature of Instinct, of Reason, and Speculation: General Influence of Scientific Pursuits on the Mind22 min Part I, Chapter 2: Of Abstract Science as a Preparation for the Study of Physics: A Profound Acquaintance with It Not Indispensable for a Clear Understanding of Physical Laws: How a Conviction of Their Truth May Be Obtained Without It: Instances: Further Division of the Subject22 min Part I, Chapter 3: Of the Nature and Objects, Immediate and Collateral, of Physical Science, as Regarded in Itself, and in Its Application to the Practical Purposes of Life, and Its Influence on the Well-Being and Progress of Society50 min Part II, Chapter 1: Of Experience as the Source of Our Knowledge: Of the Dismissal of Prejudices: Of the Evidence of Our Senses13 min Part II, Chapter 2: Of the Analysis of Phenomena25 min Part II, Chapter 3: Of the State of Physical Science in General, Previous to the Age of Galileo and Bacon15 min Part II, Chapter 4: Of the Observation of Facts and the Collection of Instances21 min Part II, Chapter 5: Of the Classification of Natural Objects and Phenomena, and of Nomenclature11 min Part II, Chapter 6: Of the First Stage of Induction: The Discovery of Proximate Causes, and Laws of the Lowest Degree of Generality, and Their Verification (Part 1)31 min Part II, Chapter 6: Of the First Stage of Induction: The Discovery of Proximate Causes, and Laws of the Lowest Degree of Generality, and Their Verification (Part 2)30 min Part II, Chapter 7: Of the Higher Degrees of Inductive Generalization, and of the Formation and Verification of Theories42 min Part III, Chapter 1: Of the Phenomena of Force, and of the Constitution of Natural Bodies34 min Part III, Chapter 2: Of the Communication of Motion Through Bodies: Of Sound and Light24 min Part III, Chapter 3: Of Cosmical Phenomena33 min Part III, Chapter 4: Of the Examination of the Material Constituents of the World25 min Part III, Chapter 5: Of the Imponderable Forms of Matter46 min Part III, Chapter 6: Of the Causes of the Actual Rapid Advance of the Physical Sciences Compared with Their Progress at an Earlier Period19 min